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Acetal |
The product of the reaction of an aldehyde with excess alcohol |
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Aldose |
A carbohydrate with an aldehyde in the open chain form. |
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Anomeric center |
In the cyclic sugars, the C atom
with two C-O single bonds |
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Anomeric effect |
A preference for polar substituents to be axial on the anomeric center |
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Anomers |
Two stereoisomers due to different substituent arrangement at the anomeric
center |
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Carbohydrate |
"carbon hydrates" = Cn(H2O)m
also referred to as sugars or saccharides |
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Disaccharide |
A carbohydrate composed of 2 monosaccharides units |
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D-sugar |
Defines the stereochemistry at a specific chirality center
relative to that of glyceraldehyde |
Fischer projection |
A stereochemical representation commonly used for carbohydrates |
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Furanose |
The cyclic form of a sugar with a 5 membered ring |
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Glycoside |
A carbohydrate where the -OH at the anomeric center has been substituted |
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Glycosidic bond |
The bond that links the substituent to the anomeric center |
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Hemi-acetal |
The product of the reaction of an aldehyde with one equivalent of an
alcohol |
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Hemi-ketal |
The product of the reaction of a ketone with one equivalent of an alcohol |
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Hexoses |
Carbohydrates containing 6 C atoms |
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Ketal |
The product of the reaction of a ketone with excess alcohol |
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Ketose |
A carbohydrate with a ketone in the open chain form. |
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L-sugar |
Defines the stereochemistry at a specific chirality center
relative to that of glyceraldehyde |
Monosaccharide |
A carbohydrate with a single carbohydrate unit |
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Oligosaccharide |
A carbohydrate composed of a "few" (3-10) monosaccharide units |
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Pentoses |
Carbohydrates containing 5 C atoms |
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Polysaccharide |
A carbohydrate composed of a many (10+) monosaccharide units |
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Pyranose |
The cyclic form of a sugar with a 6 membered ring |
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Saccharide |
Another word for a carbohydrate |
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Tetroses |
Carbohydrates containing 4 C atoms |
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