Part
6: THERMODYNAMICS
This should have been a reasonably straight forward calculation, but care
needs to be taken to get the right structures and the right molecular formula,
then do the math correctly.
a. CH4 + Br2--> CH3Br + HBr
b. Remember that breaking bonds requires energy (energy in) and making bonds releases energy (energy out)
Bonds broken = Br-Br and C-H = 413 + 193 = 606 kJmol-1 (or 98 + 46 = 144 kcalmol-1 ) |
Bonds made = C-Br and H-Br = 288 + 366 = 654 kJmol-1 (or 69 + 87 = 156 kcalmol-1 ) |
Overall = bonds broken - bonds made = -48 kJmol-1 (or -12 kcalmol-1 ) |
c. Based on the results of the calculation shown above, the reaction is calculated to be exothermic.
d. In step 2A, you break C-H and make H-Br, so the DH = 413 - 366 = + 47 kJmol-1 (or 98 - 87 = +11 kcalmol-1 )
e. Two possible explanations, either:
(i) | Step 2B is more endothermic than step 2A, so it will be a slower rate of reaction for this step 2. In step 2B, you break C-H and make C-Br, so the DH = 413 - 288 = + 125 kJmol-1 (or 98 - 69 = +29 kcalmol-1 ) |
or | |
(ii) | An orbital based rationale where the Br radical can more readily approach and overlap with the H orbital to abstract the C-H than is can get access to the C to abstract the C. |
f. Using an excess of bromine would lead to the reaction of bromomethane with more bromine to give polybromination products such as dibromomethane.