|  | Chapter 20: Carboxylic 
          Acid Derivatives. Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution |  | 
  
Interconversion Reactions 
  of Acid Anhydrides 
  
     
      |  | esters | 
     
      | acids | 
     
      | amides | 
  
Reaction type:  Nucleophilic 
  Acyl Substitution 
Summary 
  -  Acid anhydrides are the second 
    most reactive of the carboxylic acid derivatives and can therefore, be fairly 
    readily converted into the other less reactive carboxylic acid derivatives 
    (see above).
-  A base in often added to neutralise 
    the carboxylic acid by product that is formed.