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Isomeric Alkanes

The molecular formulae for the C1 to C3 alkanes lead to single, unique structures.
However for C4H10, there are two possible constitutional isomers. It is important to be able to recognise isomers because there can have different chemical, physical properties and biological properties. The constitutional isomers of C4H10 are shown below along with some properties:
 

n-butane m.pt.= -139o
b.pt. = -0.4o
DHf =
-125.6 kJ/mol
          (
-30.0 kcal/mol)
DHc =
-2877 kJ/mol
          (
-687 kcal/mol)
isobutane m.pt.= -161o
b.pt. = -10.2o
DHf = -135.6 kJ/mol
          (
-32.4 kcal/mol)
DHc =-2868 kJ/mol
          (
-685 kcal/mol)

 

For C5H12 has three possible constitutional isomers:
 

n-pentane
b.pt. =   36.1 oC
DHf = -147 kJ/mol
          (
-35.1 kcal/mol)
DHc = - 3509 kJ/mol           (- 839 kcal/mol)
isopentane
b.pt. =    30 oC
DHf = -154.1 kJ/mol
          (
-36.8 kcal/mol
DHc = -3502 kJ/mol           (-837 kcal/mol)
neopentane
b.pt. =   9.5 oC
DHf = -168.0 kJ/mol
          (
-40.1 kcal/mol
DHc = -3493 kJ/mol
          (
- 835 kcal/mol)


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 © Dr. Ian Hunt, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary