Part 6: STRUCTURE DETERMINATION

EA:
The data adds up to 100% so there are no "hidden elements" but we don't know the molecular weight. That doesn't matter because the data can still provide the empirical formula (simplest ratio) by considering using a 100g and remembering NEVER TO ROUND DATA during EA calculations (it will invariably mean you get the wrong answer).

%C = 85.63  divide by atomic weight :  85.63/12.011 = 7.129 moles
%H = 14.37  divide by atomic weight :  14.37/1.008 = 14.256 moles

So we have 7.129 moles of C for every 14.256 moles of H, by dividing by the smallest, that tells us for each C there are 2.0 H atoms.... or C1H2
Hence empirical formula, the simplest integer ratio is CH2.

So if we have 6 C atoms, then the molecular formula = C6H12.
Remember isomerism is a pair relationship and the compounds must have the same molecular formulae.

Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images, for that they need a chirality center, which is this case needs to be an sp3 C with 4 different substituents attached. There are three possible pairs for C6H12:

enantiomeric structures of C6H12

Constitutional isomers contain different "pieces" having either different functional groups (e.g. alkene and cycloalkane here) or different connectivity orders.  There are lots of possibilities here, a small selection of compounds are shown below, any pair from this list would be constitutional isomers:

some constitutional isomers of C6H12

Geometric isomers are cis- or trans- alkenes. In order for this to be possible, the two substiutents at each end of the double bond must be different.

geometric isomers of C6H12